More on Metal Hammer and NME

• Core buyers for NME: 18-24 and have no children.
• Core buyers for Metal Hammer: Males who are in the age range 18-24, have no children, are college educated

Feedback on practice exam question

Points that should have been considered: Hardware

• Positive and negative
• Advances in technology - can do more, smartphones, iphones, tablets, technology is more accessible/easily available 9audiences can access it on the move, 24/7) web 2.0, synergies and convergence.
• Software: Apps - specific examples from each institution
• Fanzines: exist now due to proliferation in hardware and software and their accessibility - examples: audience more demanding; they can prosume through sites such as YouTube so they expect more from institutions, impatient
• How have institutions responded to these constant changing consumer/consumption habits?
• Rise in competition due to poliferation of hardware (Twitter, Fanzines etc) and how institutions have overcome this?
• Productuion & distribution

Points that should have been considered: Content

• Specific examples from your case study about content that is offered: convergence - evidence, prosumers - UGC - specific evidence of, Multi-platform approach, Synergy - specifc eveidence - driving audiences to their main prodct - vertical intergration.
• Updated quickly
• Who is their audience?
• Awards won by insitutions for their content
• Instituions in constant race to make their products unique with UPB's - how have MH and NME done this?
• Difference bettween mass and main stream market targeting
• Music creates communities
• Powerful audience
• Your own personal experience and opinion
• The future?

Doctor Who Practice Exam Clip

There is an obvious use of special effect within the sequence which work with the genre Sci-fi. The most obvious one is when Doctor Who transforms from an old man back to himself and is then lifted into the air with a powerful glow around him. This could be because of his importance of him being the male lead role and to show his power over all the other characters.

When the sequence beginnings we first see a man and we can identity that he is a powerful role because of his positing so close to the camera. There is an over the shoulder shot and we can see a woman walk through the door below him and we can see from this that she is meant to be less important that the man. All women in this sequence are shown through a low angle to show they are less important than the men as they are shown with high angle.

Throughout this clip there are sound effects that all link in with the sci-fi genre, helping to set the scene. For the first minuet or so all the dialogue is spoken by one man showing his power and importance over everyone else. Also when he begins to talk the music stops showing that he is in control of the scene.

Note taking help

                      Technique Used                      Example            Explain/Meaning Created/Impact on audience

Camera
Angles

Mise en cen

Editing

Sound

Practice Exam Question

What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institutions and audiences ?

• Multi platform media
• The extinction of print based media
• The positives and negatives to technology over print
• How it benefits consumers (price, convenience etc), prosumers
• New capabilities
• Secondary advertising

IPC Media

exempler response

Exemplar response to Section B: Magazine Industry

In recent times the media industry has witnessed meteoric rise in new technologies.  The advancement of the internet, for example, as it entered its second phase enables consumers to access media in new and unparalleled ways.  For the magazine industry, this has presented both challenges and opportunities.

Print media is mostly in decline, a worry of course for producers of magazines.  Therefore they must assess just how important technological convergence is for helping their magazine to survive in the long run.

The Future Plc title Metal Hammer is a monthly rock and metal magazine, that has existed since 1994. In that time, Metal Hammer has built a reputation as a bible of both modern and traditional metal music. It’s publisher, Future, is an independent company with a portfolio of magazines aimed at niche market sectors.  As a whole, Future, has performed well in a declining market, with Metal Hammer and Classic Rock reporting increases in circulation, with Metal Hammer reaching a circulation of 50,269 and classic rock 70, 188 (ABC, Dec 08).  Perhaps Futures strategies involving technological convergence have something to do with this success.  One of their ‘pillars’ of business strategies  is to implore upon their existing convergences in order to further appeal to prosumers.  This is important; Future defines ‘prosumers’ as “young men or young-at-heart men (Future licensing.com). In general this demographic will be one of the most technologically involved, in the know about the latest technologies.  They are also, incidentally the most valuable demographics for advertisers.  In this respect, convergence is extremely important for Future and indeed Metal Hammer in retaining advertising revenue.  Advertising revenue has already fallen for Future, as they already saw a 15% drop in advertising from December 08-March 09 (futurelicensing.com, 2009).  It is therefore, vital that they use technological convergences to remain advanced enough to attract advertisers.

Metal Hammer’s target audience is a young audience, interested in music, “converging adults”, according to futurelicensing.com The National Readership survey 08, the latest available, shows Metal Hammer readers to be 64% male, average age 22.  Again, this is an audience that will be interested in many forms of media. So for Metal Hammer to maintain their loyalty they must fulfil their newly evolving needs (Uses and Gratifications, McQuail).

The Metal Hammer website is a demonstration of convergence, and has proved popular with nearly 60,000 individual visitors since starting (futurelicensing.com).  Alex’s web traffic analysis suggests that visitors are mostly male, aged between 18 and 24 and spend around 2.7 minutes on Metal Hammer.co.uk. Therefore the website has apparently targeted the right audience for Metal Hammer.  Users can interact, voting in polls such as “who has the best slipknot mask?”, giving users the sense that they are contributing to a community. They are also educated and entertained with video exclusives, Metallica Live, and Opeth on tour.  In this way convergence maintains interest in the Metal Hammer brand.  Web 2.0 allows users to submit and generate a content, so Metal Hammer has competition in that users can go elsewhere for such videos .  It is up to Convergence in order to provide the best service for users.

Metal Hammer has also had successful synergies created as a result of convergence.  On 2008, Metal hammer.co.uk encourages users to send in photos taken on their mobiles of them playing “Guitar Heroes”, combining the internet with mobile technology.  The guitar hero synergy  combined with a party sponsored by Metal Hammer at the O2 (Metal Hammer.co.uk), Podcasts have allowed content to be sent faster than ever to multi-media formats.

Indeed, distribution is an interesting issue to consider for the magazines industry.  The internet, podcasts and video channels allow readers to access their wanted content within seconds.  Where as hard copies of a magazine must be ordered or brought from a shop. Indeed it could be suggested that the gathering of content from the internet or mobile has replaced the need for buying the magazine itself, as subscriptions for Metal Hammer rose 8% from Dec-march 09 (futurelicensing.co.uk) suggesting there is not the same novelty when buying a magazine. 

However, whilst technological convergence is important for the magazine industry, publishers must consider that the extra content offered to consumers via convergences in technology, could replace the magazine itself.  IPC’s NME is an example of this as circulation dropped 24.1%, whilst its website has been praised for the amount of content on offer.  Metal Hammer has a unique community created by the interacting mode of address; ‘Join the Crusade’ and writing style filled with expletives ‘F*** You!’, readers of Metal Hammer feel a string sense of unrivalled community within the magazine.  The magazine sticks close to its ideologies of anti-establishment , avant-garde by  featuring adverts appropriate to his such as Attitude Clothing and HMV Metal, whilst the website has adverts by O2, Orange and T-mobile.

Overall techno convergence is important as consumers needs alter and change but for the magazine industry to survive they must make any technological advancements not a replacement for the hard copy of the magazine as Future have so far successfully done.  As online advertising reached 18% for future it is important.

·         explanation argument analysis

·         example

·         terminology

Magazine Exam Terminology

Web 1.0 was the first version of the Internet – a one way communication, from the sender to the receiver

Web 2.0 is what we know the Internet to be now – a two way communication between the sender and the receiver

homework

go through future of magazines senescence (youtube links) to put in my powerpoint, also you wired as an example how how magazines might develop.

revise terminology for test

highlight the marking criteria in the exemplar essay and publish post

• example argument analysis
• example
• terminology

The representation of Regional Identity

How can you Identify Regional Identity?

What is regional identity?

Regional identity is identifying a person's identity which is rooted not only in the setting of the film but also in speech, costumes etc and in the region they live in.

How can you identify regional identity?

–Setting

–Accents

–Dialogue

–Props

–Make up

–Class of characters

–Costumes

–Etc.

Shameless

The characters in the clip and represented as quite rude and chavy. This is shown through there dialogue and also there clothing. The language used and the way they are portrayed gives you this representation.

Only Way Is Essex

Straight away you can see that these characters are all about the way they look. You can tell from the fact that they are very dressed up and glammed up for the gym. They have a distinct Essex accent which can make them seem stupid, which  gives you the typical representation of an Essex person.

Made In Chelsea

These people are the typical stereotype of the high class rich. The are seen to be hanging out on boats and driving flash cars in one of the most expensive place in London. There dialogue is also the typical representation of a very rich, posh person.

Brookside

Set in Liverpool these characters are the typical stereotype of a 'scouser'. There laddish behaviours and the way the talk to each other is what we believe these people to be like in an everyday situation.

Example of Ethnicity in Hotel Babylon

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VG5GJQjyGo

Representation of Ethnicity

Sterotypes

• Asian people: Rich, business people, religious, have been portrayed as terrorists, good at making curry. Own cornershops. They have big families and the all live in one house with all relatives.
• Travellers: AKA gypsies, are usually Irish/foreign (Bulgarian/Romanian). We associate them with fun fairs, live in caravans, they take over peoples land/destroy it. They make a mess and steal. Lacking in education. Wear vests and jeans and slobber everywhere sometimes long hair. Excess of lynx. Women wear big dresses and hooped gold earrings. British/Irish travellers prefer to be called ‘Travellers’
• Polish people: cheap labour. Poor. Have young families. Own kebab, chicken, pizza shops. Take all of our jobs. e.g. builders

Examples of Stereotypes

•        žGypsies: in waterloo road they moved there caravans onto the school grounds, many people were unhappy and they confronted them with conflict. It caused many problems and the police got involved.
• ž       Also in the Simpsons homers house got taken over by gypsies and they had to fight there way back in and they drove them out.
• ž       These two examples only represent a small number of gypsies, but these stereotypes paint a negative picture when realistically we know they are not all bad.
• 
  
• 
  
•  žPolish people: in coronation street there were two polish girls who Carla employed. They were both illegal immigrants and one of them died so Carla had to cover it up by hiding her body. The other one, called Vicki carried on working and no one liked her. She was a good worker and she tried to make friends. People began to like her after a while and she was then treated like everyone else. žThis shows that stereotypical views can be changed.
•       ž Asian people: the Masoods in Eastenders have there own business which is typical of a Muslim family. They own a curry place and are good at making it which is a typical representation of an Asian family. They speak in a typical Indian accent.
•        žIndeed the Masoods have recently been praised as one of the most realistic "ethnic" families to ever have inhabited soap land, and certainly one of the few not to be subjected to the usual stereotypical storylines such as owning a corner shop, being subjected to racially motivated attacks, etc.
• ž       We have also seen Syed realise he is gay, this bends the stereotypical view of Muslim’s as they believe that being homosexual is wrong and it is forbidden in Islam

The 'brown' race

•      ž“Brown” is often the general term used to describe the category of South Asian races
•       žAlthough there are several countries who make up part of this geographic area, most notably Indians are stereotyped
•       žIndians are the “comic relief” for dominant white culture, including ridiculing other countries such as Sri Lanka or Bangladesh
• ž      The following clips are examples of such stereotyping in Hollywood films, mainly produced by the dominant White society 

Examples of representation of ethnicity are movies like 'Bend It Like Beckham'

•       žEmphasizes the overarching patriarchal structure of Indian people, stereotypes it, and imposes it on the characters
• ž      Again, Indian people are portrayed to be culturally backward, as compared to western sensibilities
•       žCannot escape the illusion of typical Indians – scene with commentator shows dominant culture dumbstruck if Browns do not fit into their stereotype 

Tessa Perkins

žShe said that all stereotypes have a bit of truth about them which makes them plausible. For example, she said that most terrorists are Muslim but, not all Muslims are terrorists.

¡http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivd0oXr5f-g&NR=1

¡http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFhzFRoiM3Q&feature=related

žA stereotype is normally viewed negatively

Positive representations are called corrective stereotypes which is where new ideas are created about a previous group to change our view about them. 

Common representation of race 

• Typical stereotype of an Asian woman = doctors or accountantsﾉnot artists".
• stereotypes of black men being lazy, promiscuous, bad fathers and obsessed with rap".
• Black women were obsessed with how much money a man earned and were "strait-laced" compared to white women when it came to sex.
• Asian people are perceived as invaders or karate experts.
• Hispanic people as comics, banditos or gang members.
• Native Americans as savages, victims, cowards or medicine men
• People from Middle East are seen as terrorists or oil sheiks. In video games - 79 per cent of African-American males were shown as verbally and physically aggressive, compared to 57 per cent of white males.
• “On TV, black people are depicted as poor nearly twice as often as their true incidence.”
• “Black people tend to be stereotyped as criminal”
• “Black people are stereotyped as late arrivers.”
• “White people can’t dance.”
• “ Asian people own corner shops in England.”

Black people

Usually linked to black men

Crime

Living in slums

On welfare

Need help from community

Less intelligent 

Over sexual

White people

Dumb blondes

Greedy

Materialistic

Businessmen

Middle/upper class

Posh/ well spoken

Asian people

Doctors

Engineers

Mathematicians

Newsagents- small businesses – entrepreneur

Ignorant

Extremely smart people

Men are threats to white women

Insensitive

Disrespectful towards women

Magazine Institution

• Going to study a main stream and a niche music magazine
• How its is distributed and produced, promoted and sold, exhibited and consumed
• The importance's of advertising will be the main feature

Going to look at a: mainstream = IPC Media - 'NME'
                                niche = Future PLC - 'METAL HAMMER'

This will allow you to produce a comprehensive comparison between how larger and smaller institutions work.

Section B possible questions:

• How important is technological convergence for institutions and audiences ?
• With reference to your chosen case study consider how important interactivity is to media institutions ?
• What has the impact of increased connectivity been on the media production, distribution and exhibition process ?

Representation of Sexuality in TV Dramas

Homosexual Men Vs. Hetrosexual Men

Homo - always checking they look okay, quite feminine in the way the are, talk like a girl, like to gossip, wear more elaborate clothes, typical jobs inculde florist, air steward, hair dresser, working in fashion

Hetro - manly job e.g builder, suit weraing (working in an office), policeman, fireman, into sports like rugby, football, positioned high up within the family, have children, look a bit more ruggid.

Homosexual Women Vs. Hetrosexual Women

Homo - male attributes, quite butch, short hair, not much makeup, baggy clothes, jobs like police women, PE teacher, Play sports like rugby, drink beer, more of a butch voice, dont wear dresses or have handbags.

Hetro - smell nice, tight clothes, very pretty, long hair, into girly things, heels, drink girly drinks like wine and cocktails, assets on show (e.g. legs and boobs).

P.E.E sentance structure

• Point - your comment about the area of representation e.g. youth is represented through digectic sound.
• Evidence - your micro element that tells us this e.g. The dialogue is colloquial.
• Explain - link the two e.g. This conforms to a stereotypical view of young teenagers, that they are rebellious in speaking their own language.

Skins Advert Notes - Age representation

Throughout the advert, typical youth stereotype is made very clear. Not only through the way that they are dressed for example hoodies and short skirts but the way they act in the pub. Excessive drinking, being loud and disruptive, not caring about anyone else in the pub. There is also the influence of drugs in the clip, atypical stereotype of youths

The comparison between the different age groups in made very clear as soon as the youths enter the pub. The older people and being calm and respectful having a nice evening but as soon as they walk in you can immediately see a difference between the behaviour of the different age groups and the way the older generation look down on the youth and judge them straight away. Almost looking disgusted at them.

Representation of Age in TV Dramas

                                   Positive                                                       Negative
Youth                       Not many worrys                                       Dependant
                                 Limited reponsabilites                               Looked down on
                                 More physically able                                  Disrespected
                                 Sociable                                                     Rude
                                 Adventourous                                            Hormonal
                                 Fun                                                             Vunrable
                                                                                                                                        

 Old people             Get supported (benifits)                             Weaker   
                                  Wise                                                             Lonely
                                  Respected                                                   Dependant      
                                  Freedom                                                                     
                                  Wealthy

Disabilty in TV Drama

Inbertweeners clip:

• The fact that the scene is situated in a park could be seen as a typical place to take someone disabled for an outing, although this does contrast with the fact that there are able bodies in the park to.
• Almost not acting normal themselves (social awkward)
• disabled throw
• comedy sound effect when the frizzby hits the disabled person. (camera angles also used to create humour)
• crying is made to make you feel sorry for her.
• typical stereotype of trying to help disabled people. immediately think they are stealing her frizzby.
• Her helper has to stand up for the disabled person, showing she isn't able to do it herself
• Language barrier between will and the carer
• Could be showing that someone from England doesn't want to look after the disabled person so they have to get a foreigner to do it.
• Realistic location, can relate to it. Natural lighting, very English.
• Lots of movement in the able bodies where as the disabled person is very still and doesn't move.

In his life 1991 study, Paul hunt identified 10 stereotypes that the media used to portray disabled people:

1. The disabled person as pitiable or pathetic
2. An object of curiosity or violence
3. Sinister or evil
4. The supper cripple
5. As atmosphere
6. Laughable
7. His/her own worst enemy
8. As a burden
9. As Non-sexual
10. Being unable to participate in daily life

Cast Offs

• Use of flashbacks helps you to identify with him and get to know his character and disability.
• He has no been disabled from birth, happened to him during his life.
• Father takes the piss out of him. not a good relationship.
• Trying to find himself again, trying to do the things he loves with his disability (basketball)
• The isolation or the island could show his isolation in his own life, island very different to an able boded show such as shipwrecked.
• island is very symbolic
• goes against how people normal treat disabled people as he is just left to get on with it himself
• Use of time laps to show the passing of time to show the audience its taking him along time to get there.
• The name of the show has meaning behind it to.

The sequence of the TV series 'Cast Offs' use flashbacks as a way of helping you to identify with the character and get to know about him and his disabilty. In the first flashback you see his dad messing about with his wheelchair showing that him and his dad may not have the best relationship as he is turning is disability into a joke. This is something that is seen as wrong in today society and because of this you begin to feel sorry for him straight away. Another thing you gather from the flashbacks is that he has not been disabled from birth as he is still trying to find himself, shown in his dialogue, for example "the old me, the new me, fuck me". You can aslo see from the flashbacks that he is trying to enjoy things from his 'old' life such as basketball  but the disability is clearly getting in the way of that.


When we first see the island its very dull and wet, not like your typical desert island that you would see in shows such as 'Shipwrecked' for more able bodies. The island is very isolated which could be symbolic with a disabled persons life as there life could aslo be as isolated as an island. Once landed, having to be helped out of the boats continues to show is inability to do almost anything. Dan is then left on a beach alone, Which goes against the way disabled people are treated in society as normally people will do anything they can to help them. Him being alone adds to the emotion behind it making you feel sorry and upset for him. As he makes his way away from the sea there is a use of 'time laps' showing the passing of time to let the audience know how long it take him to get anywhere.

TV Drama conventions

Code                                                                      Conventions

1. Blood, knife, mask (icon symbol or code)               1. good Vs evil

Verismilitude - helps to create realism
Connotations - what you associate it with (red = passion)
Transitions - how it moves from one scene to another

TV drama all have the following ingredients:

• Characters - even particular kinds of characters: e.g at its most simple 'good and 'bad' characters
• Stories - they all tell stories, whether those stories involve, adventure, crime or romance and the often, not always, end happily
• The stories are told against familiar backdrops: e.g homes, police stations, offices (for crime dramas) hospitals (for medical dramas) - most of which are created in studios. However most TV dramas also use outsider locations to create particular effects.
• Camerawork - particular kinds of shots are used: e.g. sequences involving establishing shots followed by mid- shots of characters, shot-reverse-shot to show character interaction and in particular, close ups to show the characters emotions.
• Stories use dialogue to tell stories. Occasionally, monologues are built in (as voice overs, a character telling a story)
• Music is used to punctuate the action, create effects (suspense, tension) and underline emotional moments.
• Particular sub genres tend to have items which make them immediately identifiable - police cars, blue lights, operation theatre, scalpels, triage/reception areas in hospitals/ Icons of the genre, they symbolise the (sub)genre.

Example Paragraph

The next factor which displays representations is through mise en scene. Expressions play a key role, for example when the blonde male is approached by the sabre toothed tiger his expression coveys fear leading to a sympathetic response from the audience however this contrasts greatly to the calm and collective expression of the girl, which suggests a swap in roles involving dominance. At the start of the scene the colour intensity is high on the male compared to the grainy background. This demonstrates the natural setting however focuses the attention on the male protagonist which could suggest male superiority. The females clothing (blonde) presents a male style which is in contrast to the stereotypes of a feminine woman, however another female character in the film is represented with a high pride in her appearance which conforms to the stereotype.

This however portrays the different roles and characteristics of women which may have changed in contemporary times. The props such as the heavy machinery emit

connotations such as manual masculine feelings. However the female is in charge of the stereotypical male vehicle.

Homework Essay

G322 Candidate Exemplar Response

Date: June 2010

Representation: Gender

Throughout the extract representations of gender are illustrates through various elements such as editing and sound. A mix of dominance and equality is produced through the extract however overall it is conveyed that women are physically subordinate compared to physically strong and stereotypically hegemonic male.

Representations of gender have been clearly illustrated throughout editing. For example a mix of pivot/panorama shots as well as fast tracking shots have been incorporated when the girl is trying to save and protect the male character. This illustrates the fast movement and action of the cut however it may also signify a chaotic environment where women struggle to take and maintain power. Another example of a tracking shot is portrayed when the male character is travelling down the rope. This editing however demonstrates to the audience the thought and power the character has from making a quick rational decision which is a stereotype of male behaviour. A long establishing shot is used which clearly signifies the three male characters in an equal line. The equal line personally connotes equality however as the majority of characters were male this illustrates women inferiorly in serious situations. Near the end of the extract one male in the process of saving a women from another dangerous man however the framing of the cut demonstrates representations of gender. For example the female protagonist was placed significantly behind the male which illustrates the girl’s subordination compared to the male.

The next element which produces representations of gender is through sound.

In one cut once the female had saved the male from the life threatening situation from the dialogue such as “Come on” with a high intensity, provoking the animal, suggests bravery and a strong masculinity. This dialogue may have been said as an attempt to regain status as he’s just been saved by a girl. At the start of the first cut a synchronisation from the strings is displayed when the music matches to the sombre or negative topic. “Let her go” by a different male suggest he may think of the male as being superior therefore shouldn’t have to run after her. In this scene within the barn one female protagonist was trying to bribe the male character through dialogue. Therefore this could represent woman being manipulative to convery power in antithesis to males who assert their power in a physical manner. “My best coat!” also creates representation of women such as an obsession of appearance and vanity. However positive representations towards woman are also portrayed. For example once one woman has undertaken the stressful experience the other female protagonist says “you okay” which suggests women to be expressive and caring in contrast to males who are minimal with their dialogue. The diegetic sound the dogs barking emphasise the bad situation of the woman conveying the woman’s vulnerability further. This is also emphasised by the harsh sound effects which build and sustain tension creating a climax.

The next factor which displays representations is through mise en scene. Expressions play a key role, for example when the blonde male is approached by the sabre toothed tiger his expression coveys fear leading to a sympathetic response from the audience however this contrasts greatly to the calm and collective expression of the girl, which suggests a swap in roles involving dominance. At the start of the scene the colour intensity is high on the male compared to the grainy background. This demonstrates the natural setting however focuses the attention on the male protagonist which could suggest male superiority. The females clothing (blonde) presents a male style which is in contrast to the stereotypes of a feminine woman, however another female character in the film is represented with a high pride in her appearance which conforms to the stereotype.

This however portrays the different roles and characteristics of women which may have changed in contemporary times. The props such as the heavy machinery emit

connotations such as manual masculine feelings. However the female is in charge of the stereotypical male vehicle. Therefore this suggests equality and an improvement of women within jobs and status compared to the traditional domestic duties. Even though the women within the extract portray dominance through props, the male characters continually illustrate dominance. For example the males usage of the guns for example, the shot gun in the barn and the hand gun involving the key protagonists. This contrasts to how the brunette women displays authority by attempting blackmail. Overall this could suggest males and women are equally dominant although just portray it through different criteria.

A final way in which representations of gender have been displayed is through camera work. For example the low angle looking down on the male in the whole illustrates his vulnerability and helpless position which displays him as subordinate. However a different low angle in conveying the tiger illustrates dominance of man and a hierarchy with the animal being lower. Establishing shots such as before the male jumps looking on in the long distant horizontal plane suggests his thoughts which leads to the male’s hasty decision. An extreme close up on the woman’s face when she’s been knocked down suggest demonstrates her fear and panic further suggesting the women’s weak position compared to the male. A pivot shot is used which creates the effect as the camera is on a fixed position that someone or something would be looking at them for example the dangerous tiger which overall represents vulnerability to the male and the woman.

Overall the particular extract conveys elements of representation through various ways of media aspects. In conclusion a mix of equality is suggested overall, however the traditions where the male characters save the day are clearly presented. Although a mix of response from empathy juxtaposed to spite is displayed from the audience involving both genders.

Explanation/Analysis/Argument:  /20

Use of Example:  /20

Terminology:   /10